MSc — 2025 entry Structural Engineering

Prestressed concrete is the principle method by which concrete is used in bridge. The module concentrates on the principles of analysis and design of both pre- and post-tensioning prestressed concrete.  Fundamental design principles are covered, based on the physical concepts of prestressing, the properties and use of materials, the anchorages and splices of tendons, the significance of bond, the degree of prestressing and the losses. Focus is placed on both the preliminary and final design of prestressed bridge superstructures, including the loading, the analysis, the detailing and the construction of prestressed superstructures. Design is in accordance with the current Eurocode 2 standards, but is also complemented with state-of-the-art knowledge. Economy and aesthetics are discussed in the module.

The module reviews the durability characteristics of the materials used in the construction of modern bridges and engineering structures but focuses on concrete and steel, and their combination as both reinforced and prestressed concrete. The relationship between material behaviour and environment is reviewed and the implications for those tasked with the operation of engineering structures in a changing world is discussed. The various methods for assessing the condition of a structure are explored and linked to the need for viable inspection, maintenance strategies. The course uses a number of case studies to allow the material presented to be placed within its engineering context. The lessons learnt are applied to the problem of the design and construction of new structures in light of the degradation process and external forces to which they may be subject.The module provides students with an opportunity to review and extend their understanding and integration of the key threads of Design, Health and Safety and Sustainability in relation to the whole life of an asset.

Infrastructure systems have become increasingly complex and interconnected which results in strong interdependencies between them. These systems may become fragile and subject to disruptions that can have significant consequences both in the local as well as national and global level. This module forms the foundation required for systems thinking in infrastructure by introducing the background required for modelling the interconnected nature of infrastructure systems and understanding the different types of interdependencies that exist between them. It also provides an overview of the different types of risks that need to be considered for assessing the resilience of infrastructure systems and discusses the different adaptation and mitigation options available for sustaining their continuous operation and preventing cascading failures.

This module provides an overview of the management of infrastructure assets both at individual as well as network/system level. It introduces the concepts, theory and methods for infrastructure asset management through utilisation of a whole-life framework. It covers asset management frameworks, risk management and asset performance modelling towards the development of maintenance strategies for infrastructure assets. Case study examples from different infrastructure sectors are reviewed. 

This module is designed to provide insights into aspects of advanced soil mechanics, including soil constitutive models, soil parameter selections and determinations, which are necessary to carry out design of geotechnical structures and foundations. It will also introduce the Finite Element Models and its applications to analyse typical soil-structure interaction problems. It builds upon the fundamental knowledge from module ENG2104 Soil Mechanics, thus a revision to the essential basics is given at the start of the module.

ENGM270 Energy Geotechnics is a postgraduate module focused on the geotechnical design principles essential for contemporary and emerging energy infrastructure projects. The curriculum encompasses shallow geothermal energy systems, renewable energy foundations for both offshore and onshore wind turbines, offshore oil and gas installation foundations, and nuclear power systems. Specialised lectures cover high-level nuclear waste disposal and carbon geo-sequestration. Key topics include heat transport in soils, geothermal energy pile systems, and offshore wind turbine foundation design, supplemented by practical coursework on numerical modelling of geothermal systems. The module is designed for students with a foundational understanding of soil and structural mechanics, equivalent to a final-year Bachelor of Engineering.

This module is aimed at familiarising students with the concept of the economics of infrastructure. It introduces the background behind investment and funding required for the financial planning of infrastructure and discusses the various forms of funding available for infrastructure (public, private and combined), including their merits and limitations. Financing models for different infrastructure sectors are described. Different types of risks associated with infrastructure investments are reviewed and their assessment and prioritisation within changing economic climates is studied. Within the context of whole-life infrastructure engineering, this module covers the initial financial planning phase of infrastructure projects with other infrastructure-themed modules (ENGM265, ENGM266) covering the remaining life-cycle stages and expanding further on whole-life risks (ENGM264).

This module is concerned with the design of steel and steel/concrete composite bridges. Emphasis is placed on understanding the fundamentals of steel and steel/concrete composite analysis in relation to the design of plate or box girder bridges. It builds on knowledge and skills acquired in earlier structural design modules (in particular ENG1076 and ENG2102, which deal with the design of steel structures according to Eurocode 3). The module also addresses stability and buckling requirements during erection and operation of bridges and explains the nuances of Eurocodes 3 & 4 (and BS5400 where appropriate), thus enabling students to produce efficient designs when tackling coursework briefs and examination questions. Students become familiar with the different criteria that must be met for a design scheme to be successful, with respect to safety, functionality and sustainability. The application of Codes of Practice (principally Eurocodes 3 and 4) covered in this module provide a strong foundation for work in professional teams dealing with bridge analysis and design. Professional skills also include presentation of technical calculations regarding the selection of types and sizes of structural elements vis-à-vis relevant clauses in codes of practice.

This is a compulsory module of the MSc in Water and Environmental Engineering. It is an optional module for the MEng programme in Civil Engineering and for the MS in Infrastructure Engineering.  The module teaches theory and practice of numerical tools for the simulation of river hydraulics and urban drainage networks. These tools are essential for the planning and design of sustainable flood alleviation schemes in the civil engineering practice.  

Civil engineers are often called on to design systems that will support large structures at depth or steep / vertical faces in soil. The former case will normally require large foundations, sometimes at depth whereas the latter may require an earth-retaining structure of some kind. Ground modifications techniques are often employed to improve the physical properties of ground before construction begins.  This module applies the basic principles of soil mechanics to the safe and sustainable design of large foundations and earth-retaining structures. It is expected that students taking this module have a background knowledge of soil mechanics and structural mechanics to the level of final year Bachelor of Engineering..

Spatial data ­— data tied to a specific geographical location or area — is ubiquitously available and provides rich insight into our natural and built environment, social and economic activities and much more. Geographical Information Science (GIS) provides the concepts, methods and tools to analyse such data, using the spatial component of the data as an integral part of the analysis. Remote Sensing (RS) systems image the entire Earth on daily basis. RS methods allow the derivation of a wide range of spatial information from the imagery, providing a major source of spatial data. GIS and RS are used in a wide range of disciplines including hydrology, natural resource management, climate change and infrastructure planning. This module introduces the theoretical foundations and trains the student in using these techniques to solve problems and support decision making, with an emphasis on Civil and Environmental Engineering practice.

Nature Based Solutions (NBS) are defined by International Union for Conservation of Nature as actions to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems, which address societal challenges (e.g., climate change, water security or natural disasters) effectively and adaptively, while simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits. NBS are increasingly used as a more sustainable way of managing environments or environmental systems. NBS use nature¿s own resources (clean air, water, plants, and soil) to provide cost-effective environmental, social, and economic benefits and help build resilience. Such solutions bring more diverse nature and natural features and processes into existing networks and infrastructure systems including cities, landscapes, and coastal areas, through site specific, locally adapted, resource-efficient interventions. Engineers are working to restore natural buffering systems (e.g., wetlands and tree canopies), utilise green infrastructure, and better manage natural areas to restore riparian corridors, create resilient coastal ecosystems, manage flood risk, enhance water quality and waste treatment, improve air quality, mitigate climate change and more. NBS are often seen as an alternative, more sustainable solution to hard engineered infrastructure solution (by fulfilling multiple services and / by having fewer adverse characteristics). However, NBS cannot be unilaterally implemented due to prevailing characteristics of the built and natural environments. The module will provide the knowledge and skills needed to explore, critically assess, and evaluate the ¿why¿, ¿how¿ and utility of NBS to protect, manage and restore ecosystems vulnerable to societal and environmental challenges. An important part of the module will be to critically assess, compare, and determine the feasibility of different solutions drawn from literature and case studies where NBS have been successful implemented. .The module will draw on the desire of communities to live in green spaces and explore options for engineers to design and integrate facilities within ecosystems in a way that benefits ecological and human health. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of NBS, the module will explore different environments (air, water, coastal, rural, and urban) ensuring the interaction between different research disciplines such as coastal management, wastewater treatment, air quality, material and infrastructure, and urban management.

Earthquake engineering module aims to cover the fundamental concepts associated with the way earthquakes are generated, principles behind seismic  hazard analysis, methods to analyse behaviour of structures and foundations under seismic loading, behaviour of ground during earthquakes (ground response analysis and liquefaction). It also covers earthquake resistant design principles.

Geotechnical engineers and structural engineers tend to approach soil-structure interaction problems quite differently.  On the one hand, geotechnical engineers take great care over the representation of the soil, but then often assume the structure to be either perfectly flexible or perfectly rigid.  Structural engineers, on the other hand, may spend a great deal of time ensuring the structure is modelled as realistically as possible, but then often assume that the supporting soil behaves like a bed of linear elastic springs.  For routine design, either approach may be sufficiently accurate – and it may be difficult to justify the cost of more rigorous modelling. When the situation demands, it will be necessary to create models that take into account the real behaviour of both soil and structure, and this module will provide you with some of the tools for doing this.  A range of soil-structure interaction models and solution methods will be covered, ranging from the simple to the complex.  At the conclusion of the module, you will be in a better position to judge what level of model may be appropriate for a given situation, and what information will be required in order to set up the analysis.  In addition, you should be able to evaluate the analysis output with a clearer understanding of the strengths and limitations of the chosen representation.

Prestressed concrete is the principle method by which concrete is used in bridge. The module concentrates on the principles of analysis and design of both pre- and post-tensioning prestressed concrete.  Fundamental design principles are covered, based on the physical concepts of prestressing, the properties and use of materials, the anchorages and splices of tendons, the significance of bond, the degree of prestressing and the losses. Focus is placed on both the preliminary and final design of prestressed bridge superstructures, including the loading, the analysis, the detailing and the construction of prestressed superstructures. Design is in accordance with the current Eurocode 2 standards, but is also complemented with state-of-the-art knowledge. Economy and aesthetics are discussed in the module.

The module reviews the durability characteristics of the materials used in the construction of modern bridges and engineering structures but focuses on concrete and steel, and their combination as both reinforced and prestressed concrete. The relationship between material behaviour and environment is reviewed and the implications for those tasked with the operation of engineering structures in a changing world is discussed. The various methods for assessing the condition of a structure are explored and linked to the need for viable inspection, maintenance strategies. The course uses a number of case studies to allow the material presented to be placed within its engineering context. The lessons learnt are applied to the problem of the design and construction of new structures in light of the degradation process and external forces to which they may be subject.The module provides students with an opportunity to review and extend their understanding and integration of the key threads of Design, Health and Safety and Sustainability in relation to the whole life of an asset.

Infrastructure systems have become increasingly complex and interconnected which results in strong interdependencies between them. These systems may become fragile and subject to disruptions that can have significant consequences both in the local as well as national and global level. This module forms the foundation required for systems thinking in infrastructure by introducing the background required for modelling the interconnected nature of infrastructure systems and understanding the different types of interdependencies that exist between them. It also provides an overview of the different types of risks that need to be considered for assessing the resilience of infrastructure systems and discusses the different adaptation and mitigation options available for sustaining their continuous operation and preventing cascading failures.

This module is designed to provide insights into aspects of advanced soil mechanics, including soil constitutive models, soil parameter selections and determinations, which are necessary to carry out design of geotechnical structures and foundations. It will also introduce the Finite Element Models and its applications to analyse typical soil-structure interaction problems. It builds upon the fundamental knowledge from module ENG2104 Soil Mechanics, thus a revision to the essential basics is given at the start of the module.

ENGM270 Energy Geotechnics is a postgraduate module focused on the geotechnical design principles essential for contemporary and emerging energy infrastructure projects. The curriculum encompasses shallow geothermal energy systems, renewable energy foundations for both offshore and onshore wind turbines, offshore oil and gas installation foundations, and nuclear power systems. Specialised lectures cover high-level nuclear waste disposal and carbon geo-sequestration. Key topics include heat transport in soils, geothermal energy pile systems, and offshore wind turbine foundation design, supplemented by practical coursework on numerical modelling of geothermal systems. The module is designed for students with a foundational understanding of soil and structural mechanics, equivalent to a final-year Bachelor of Engineering.

This module provides an overview of the management of infrastructure assets both at individual as well as network/system level. It introduces the concepts, theory and methods for infrastructure asset management through utilisation of a whole-life framework. It covers asset management frameworks, risk management and asset performance modelling towards the development of maintenance strategies for infrastructure assets. Case study examples from different infrastructure sectors are reviewed. 

This module is aimed at familiarising students with the concept of the economics of infrastructure. It introduces the background behind investment and funding required for the financial planning of infrastructure and discusses the various forms of funding available for infrastructure (public, private and combined), including their merits and limitations. Financing models for different infrastructure sectors are described. Different types of risks associated with infrastructure investments are reviewed and their assessment and prioritisation within changing economic climates is studied. Within the context of whole-life infrastructure engineering, this module covers the initial financial planning phase of infrastructure projects with other infrastructure-themed modules (ENGM265, ENGM266) covering the remaining life-cycle stages and expanding further on whole-life risks (ENGM264).

This module is concerned with the design of steel and steel/concrete composite bridges. Emphasis is placed on understanding the fundamentals of steel and steel/concrete composite analysis in relation to the design of plate or box girder bridges. It builds on knowledge and skills acquired in earlier structural design modules (in particular ENG1076 and ENG2102, which deal with the design of steel structures according to Eurocode 3). The module also addresses stability and buckling requirements during erection and operation of bridges and explains the nuances of Eurocodes 3 & 4 (and BS5400 where appropriate), thus enabling students to produce efficient designs when tackling coursework briefs and examination questions. Students become familiar with the different criteria that must be met for a design scheme to be successful, with respect to safety, functionality and sustainability. The application of Codes of Practice (principally Eurocodes 3 and 4) covered in this module provide a strong foundation for work in professional teams dealing with bridge analysis and design. Professional skills also include presentation of technical calculations regarding the selection of types and sizes of structural elements vis-à-vis relevant clauses in codes of practice.

This is a compulsory module of the MSc in Water and Environmental Engineering. It is an optional module for the MEng programme in Civil Engineering and for the MS in Infrastructure Engineering.  The module teaches theory and practice of numerical tools for the simulation of river hydraulics and urban drainage networks. These tools are essential for the planning and design of sustainable flood alleviation schemes in the civil engineering practice.  

Civil engineers are often called on to design systems that will support large structures at depth or steep / vertical faces in soil. The former case will normally require large foundations, sometimes at depth whereas the latter may require an earth-retaining structure of some kind. Ground modifications techniques are often employed to improve the physical properties of ground before construction begins.  This module applies the basic principles of soil mechanics to the safe and sustainable design of large foundations and earth-retaining structures. It is expected that students taking this module have a background knowledge of soil mechanics and structural mechanics to the level of final year Bachelor of Engineering..

Spatial data ­— data tied to a specific geographical location or area — is ubiquitously available and provides rich insight into our natural and built environment, social and economic activities and much more. Geographical Information Science (GIS) provides the concepts, methods and tools to analyse such data, using the spatial component of the data as an integral part of the analysis. Remote Sensing (RS) systems image the entire Earth on daily basis. RS methods allow the derivation of a wide range of spatial information from the imagery, providing a major source of spatial data. GIS and RS are used in a wide range of disciplines including hydrology, natural resource management, climate change and infrastructure planning. This module introduces the theoretical foundations and trains the student in using these techniques to solve problems and support decision making, with an emphasis on Civil and Environmental Engineering practice.

Nature Based Solutions (NBS) are defined by International Union for Conservation of Nature as actions to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems, which address societal challenges (e.g., climate change, water security or natural disasters) effectively and adaptively, while simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits. NBS are increasingly used as a more sustainable way of managing environments or environmental systems. NBS use nature¿s own resources (clean air, water, plants, and soil) to provide cost-effective environmental, social, and economic benefits and help build resilience. Such solutions bring more diverse nature and natural features and processes into existing networks and infrastructure systems including cities, landscapes, and coastal areas, through site specific, locally adapted, resource-efficient interventions. Engineers are working to restore natural buffering systems (e.g., wetlands and tree canopies), utilise green infrastructure, and better manage natural areas to restore riparian corridors, create resilient coastal ecosystems, manage flood risk, enhance water quality and waste treatment, improve air quality, mitigate climate change and more. NBS are often seen as an alternative, more sustainable solution to hard engineered infrastructure solution (by fulfilling multiple services and / by having fewer adverse characteristics). However, NBS cannot be unilaterally implemented due to prevailing characteristics of the built and natural environments. The module will provide the knowledge and skills needed to explore, critically assess, and evaluate the ¿why¿, ¿how¿ and utility of NBS to protect, manage and restore ecosystems vulnerable to societal and environmental challenges. An important part of the module will be to critically assess, compare, and determine the feasibility of different solutions drawn from literature and case studies where NBS have been successful implemented. .The module will draw on the desire of communities to live in green spaces and explore options for engineers to design and integrate facilities within ecosystems in a way that benefits ecological and human health. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of NBS, the module will explore different environments (air, water, coastal, rural, and urban) ensuring the interaction between different research disciplines such as coastal management, wastewater treatment, air quality, material and infrastructure, and urban management.

Earthquake engineering module aims to cover the fundamental concepts associated with the way earthquakes are generated, principles behind seismic  hazard analysis, methods to analyse behaviour of structures and foundations under seismic loading, behaviour of ground during earthquakes (ground response analysis and liquefaction). It also covers earthquake resistant design principles.

Geotechnical engineers and structural engineers tend to approach soil-structure interaction problems quite differently.  On the one hand, geotechnical engineers take great care over the representation of the soil, but then often assume the structure to be either perfectly flexible or perfectly rigid.  Structural engineers, on the other hand, may spend a great deal of time ensuring the structure is modelled as realistically as possible, but then often assume that the supporting soil behaves like a bed of linear elastic springs.  For routine design, either approach may be sufficiently accurate – and it may be difficult to justify the cost of more rigorous modelling. When the situation demands, it will be necessary to create models that take into account the real behaviour of both soil and structure, and this module will provide you with some of the tools for doing this.  A range of soil-structure interaction models and solution methods will be covered, ranging from the simple to the complex.  At the conclusion of the module, you will be in a better position to judge what level of model may be appropriate for a given situation, and what information will be required in order to set up the analysis.  In addition, you should be able to evaluate the analysis output with a clearer understanding of the strengths and limitations of the chosen representation.

Prestressed concrete is the principle method by which concrete is used in bridge. The module concentrates on the principles of analysis and design of both pre- and post-tensioning prestressed concrete.  Fundamental design principles are covered, based on the physical concepts of prestressing, the properties and use of materials, the anchorages and splices of tendons, the significance of bond, the degree of prestressing and the losses. Focus is placed on both the preliminary and final design of prestressed bridge superstructures, including the loading, the analysis, the detailing and the construction of prestressed superstructures. Design is in accordance with the current Eurocode 2 standards, but is also complemented with state-of-the-art knowledge. Economy and aesthetics are discussed in the module.

The module reviews the durability characteristics of the materials used in the construction of modern bridges and engineering structures but focuses on concrete and steel, and their combination as both reinforced and prestressed concrete. The relationship between material behaviour and environment is reviewed and the implications for those tasked with the operation of engineering structures in a changing world is discussed. The various methods for assessing the condition of a structure are explored and linked to the need for viable inspection, maintenance strategies. The course uses a number of case studies to allow the material presented to be placed within its engineering context. The lessons learnt are applied to the problem of the design and construction of new structures in light of the degradation process and external forces to which they may be subject.The module provides students with an opportunity to review and extend their understanding and integration of the key threads of Design, Health and Safety and Sustainability in relation to the whole life of an asset.

Infrastructure systems have become increasingly complex and interconnected which results in strong interdependencies between them. These systems may become fragile and subject to disruptions that can have significant consequences both in the local as well as national and global level. This module forms the foundation required for systems thinking in infrastructure by introducing the background required for modelling the interconnected nature of infrastructure systems and understanding the different types of interdependencies that exist between them. It also provides an overview of the different types of risks that need to be considered for assessing the resilience of infrastructure systems and discusses the different adaptation and mitigation options available for sustaining their continuous operation and preventing cascading failures.

This module is designed to provide insights into aspects of advanced soil mechanics, including soil constitutive models, soil parameter selections and determinations, which are necessary to carry out design of geotechnical structures and foundations. It will also introduce the Finite Element Models and its applications to analyse typical soil-structure interaction problems. It builds upon the fundamental knowledge from module ENG2104 Soil Mechanics, thus a revision to the essential basics is given at the start of the module.

ENGM270 Energy Geotechnics is a postgraduate module focused on the geotechnical design principles essential for contemporary and emerging energy infrastructure projects. The curriculum encompasses shallow geothermal energy systems, renewable energy foundations for both offshore and onshore wind turbines, offshore oil and gas installation foundations, and nuclear power systems. Specialised lectures cover high-level nuclear waste disposal and carbon geo-sequestration. Key topics include heat transport in soils, geothermal energy pile systems, and offshore wind turbine foundation design, supplemented by practical coursework on numerical modelling of geothermal systems. The module is designed for students with a foundational understanding of soil and structural mechanics, equivalent to a final-year Bachelor of Engineering.

This module provides an overview of the management of infrastructure assets both at individual as well as network/system level. It introduces the concepts, theory and methods for infrastructure asset management through utilisation of a whole-life framework. It covers asset management frameworks, risk management and asset performance modelling towards the development of maintenance strategies for infrastructure assets. Case study examples from different infrastructure sectors are reviewed. 

This module is aimed at familiarising students with the concept of the economics of infrastructure. It introduces the background behind investment and funding required for the financial planning of infrastructure and discusses the various forms of funding available for infrastructure (public, private and combined), including their merits and limitations. Financing models for different infrastructure sectors are described. Different types of risks associated with infrastructure investments are reviewed and their assessment and prioritisation within changing economic climates is studied. Within the context of whole-life infrastructure engineering, this module covers the initial financial planning phase of infrastructure projects with other infrastructure-themed modules (ENGM265, ENGM266) covering the remaining life-cycle stages and expanding further on whole-life risks (ENGM264).

This module is concerned with the design of steel and steel/concrete composite bridges. Emphasis is placed on understanding the fundamentals of steel and steel/concrete composite analysis in relation to the design of plate or box girder bridges. It builds on knowledge and skills acquired in earlier structural design modules (in particular ENG1076 and ENG2102, which deal with the design of steel structures according to Eurocode 3). The module also addresses stability and buckling requirements during erection and operation of bridges and explains the nuances of Eurocodes 3 & 4 (and BS5400 where appropriate), thus enabling students to produce efficient designs when tackling coursework briefs and examination questions. Students become familiar with the different criteria that must be met for a design scheme to be successful, with respect to safety, functionality and sustainability. The application of Codes of Practice (principally Eurocodes 3 and 4) covered in this module provide a strong foundation for work in professional teams dealing with bridge analysis and design. Professional skills also include presentation of technical calculations regarding the selection of types and sizes of structural elements vis-à-vis relevant clauses in codes of practice.

This is a compulsory module of the MSc in Water and Environmental Engineering. It is an optional module for the MEng programme in Civil Engineering and for the MS in Infrastructure Engineering.  The module teaches theory and practice of numerical tools for the simulation of river hydraulics and urban drainage networks. These tools are essential for the planning and design of sustainable flood alleviation schemes in the civil engineering practice.  

Civil engineers are often called on to design systems that will support large structures at depth or steep / vertical faces in soil. The former case will normally require large foundations, sometimes at depth whereas the latter may require an earth-retaining structure of some kind. Ground modifications techniques are often employed to improve the physical properties of ground before construction begins.  This module applies the basic principles of soil mechanics to the safe and sustainable design of large foundations and earth-retaining structures. It is expected that students taking this module have a background knowledge of soil mechanics and structural mechanics to the level of final year Bachelor of Engineering..

Spatial data ­— data tied to a specific geographical location or area — is ubiquitously available and provides rich insight into our natural and built environment, social and economic activities and much more. Geographical Information Science (GIS) provides the concepts, methods and tools to analyse such data, using the spatial component of the data as an integral part of the analysis. Remote Sensing (RS) systems image the entire Earth on daily basis. RS methods allow the derivation of a wide range of spatial information from the imagery, providing a major source of spatial data. GIS and RS are used in a wide range of disciplines including hydrology, natural resource management, climate change and infrastructure planning. This module introduces the theoretical foundations and trains the student in using these techniques to solve problems and support decision making, with an emphasis on Civil and Environmental Engineering practice.

Nature Based Solutions (NBS) are defined by International Union for Conservation of Nature as actions to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems, which address societal challenges (e.g., climate change, water security or natural disasters) effectively and adaptively, while simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits. NBS are increasingly used as a more sustainable way of managing environments or environmental systems. NBS use nature¿s own resources (clean air, water, plants, and soil) to provide cost-effective environmental, social, and economic benefits and help build resilience. Such solutions bring more diverse nature and natural features and processes into existing networks and infrastructure systems including cities, landscapes, and coastal areas, through site specific, locally adapted, resource-efficient interventions. Engineers are working to restore natural buffering systems (e.g., wetlands and tree canopies), utilise green infrastructure, and better manage natural areas to restore riparian corridors, create resilient coastal ecosystems, manage flood risk, enhance water quality and waste treatment, improve air quality, mitigate climate change and more. NBS are often seen as an alternative, more sustainable solution to hard engineered infrastructure solution (by fulfilling multiple services and / by having fewer adverse characteristics). However, NBS cannot be unilaterally implemented due to prevailing characteristics of the built and natural environments. The module will provide the knowledge and skills needed to explore, critically assess, and evaluate the ¿why¿, ¿how¿ and utility of NBS to protect, manage and restore ecosystems vulnerable to societal and environmental challenges. An important part of the module will be to critically assess, compare, and determine the feasibility of different solutions drawn from literature and case studies where NBS have been successful implemented. .The module will draw on the desire of communities to live in green spaces and explore options for engineers to design and integrate facilities within ecosystems in a way that benefits ecological and human health. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of NBS, the module will explore different environments (air, water, coastal, rural, and urban) ensuring the interaction between different research disciplines such as coastal management, wastewater treatment, air quality, material and infrastructure, and urban management.

Earthquake engineering module aims to cover the fundamental concepts associated with the way earthquakes are generated, principles behind seismic  hazard analysis, methods to analyse behaviour of structures and foundations under seismic loading, behaviour of ground during earthquakes (ground response analysis and liquefaction). It also covers earthquake resistant design principles.

Geotechnical engineers and structural engineers tend to approach soil-structure interaction problems quite differently.  On the one hand, geotechnical engineers take great care over the representation of the soil, but then often assume the structure to be either perfectly flexible or perfectly rigid.  Structural engineers, on the other hand, may spend a great deal of time ensuring the structure is modelled as realistically as possible, but then often assume that the supporting soil behaves like a bed of linear elastic springs.  For routine design, either approach may be sufficiently accurate – and it may be difficult to justify the cost of more rigorous modelling. When the situation demands, it will be necessary to create models that take into account the real behaviour of both soil and structure, and this module will provide you with some of the tools for doing this.  A range of soil-structure interaction models and solution methods will be covered, ranging from the simple to the complex.  At the conclusion of the module, you will be in a better position to judge what level of model may be appropriate for a given situation, and what information will be required in order to set up the analysis.  In addition, you should be able to evaluate the analysis output with a clearer understanding of the strengths and limitations of the chosen representation.

Prestressed concrete is the principle method by which concrete is used in bridge. The module concentrates on the principles of analysis and design of both pre- and post-tensioning prestressed concrete.  Fundamental design principles are covered, based on the physical concepts of prestressing, the properties and use of materials, the anchorages and splices of tendons, the significance of bond, the degree of prestressing and the losses. Focus is placed on both the preliminary and final design of prestressed bridge superstructures, including the loading, the analysis, the detailing and the construction of prestressed superstructures. Design is in accordance with the current Eurocode 2 standards, but is also complemented with state-of-the-art knowledge. Economy and aesthetics are discussed in the module.

The module reviews the durability characteristics of the materials used in the construction of modern bridges and engineering structures but focuses on concrete and steel, and their combination as both reinforced and prestressed concrete. The relationship between material behaviour and environment is reviewed and the implications for those tasked with the operation of engineering structures in a changing world is discussed. The various methods for assessing the condition of a structure are explored and linked to the need for viable inspection, maintenance strategies. The course uses a number of case studies to allow the material presented to be placed within its engineering context. The lessons learnt are applied to the problem of the design and construction of new structures in light of the degradation process and external forces to which they may be subject.The module provides students with an opportunity to review and extend their understanding and integration of the key threads of Design, Health and Safety and Sustainability in relation to the whole life of an asset.

Infrastructure systems have become increasingly complex and interconnected which results in strong interdependencies between them. These systems may become fragile and subject to disruptions that can have significant consequences both in the local as well as national and global level. This module forms the foundation required for systems thinking in infrastructure by introducing the background required for modelling the interconnected nature of infrastructure systems and understanding the different types of interdependencies that exist between them. It also provides an overview of the different types of risks that need to be considered for assessing the resilience of infrastructure systems and discusses the different adaptation and mitigation options available for sustaining their continuous operation and preventing cascading failures.

This module provides an overview of the management of infrastructure assets both at individual as well as network/system level. It introduces the concepts, theory and methods for infrastructure asset management through utilisation of a whole-life framework. It covers asset management frameworks, risk management and asset performance modelling towards the development of maintenance strategies for infrastructure assets. Case study examples from different infrastructure sectors are reviewed. 

This module is designed to provide insights into aspects of advanced soil mechanics, including soil constitutive models, soil parameter selections and determinations, which are necessary to carry out design of geotechnical structures and foundations. It will also introduce the Finite Element Models and its applications to analyse typical soil-structure interaction problems. It builds upon the fundamental knowledge from module ENG2104 Soil Mechanics, thus a revision to the essential basics is given at the start of the module.

ENGM270 Energy Geotechnics is a postgraduate module focused on the geotechnical design principles essential for contemporary and emerging energy infrastructure projects. The curriculum encompasses shallow geothermal energy systems, renewable energy foundations for both offshore and onshore wind turbines, offshore oil and gas installation foundations, and nuclear power systems. Specialised lectures cover high-level nuclear waste disposal and carbon geo-sequestration. Key topics include heat transport in soils, geothermal energy pile systems, and offshore wind turbine foundation design, supplemented by practical coursework on numerical modelling of geothermal systems. The module is designed for students with a foundational understanding of soil and structural mechanics, equivalent to a final-year Bachelor of Engineering.

This module is aimed at familiarising students with the concept of the economics of infrastructure. It introduces the background behind investment and funding required for the financial planning of infrastructure and discusses the various forms of funding available for infrastructure (public, private and combined), including their merits and limitations. Financing models for different infrastructure sectors are described. Different types of risks associated with infrastructure investments are reviewed and their assessment and prioritisation within changing economic climates is studied. Within the context of whole-life infrastructure engineering, this module covers the initial financial planning phase of infrastructure projects with other infrastructure-themed modules (ENGM265, ENGM266) covering the remaining life-cycle stages and expanding further on whole-life risks (ENGM264).

This module is concerned with the design of steel and steel/concrete composite bridges. Emphasis is placed on understanding the fundamentals of steel and steel/concrete composite analysis in relation to the design of plate or box girder bridges. It builds on knowledge and skills acquired in earlier structural design modules (in particular ENG1076 and ENG2102, which deal with the design of steel structures according to Eurocode 3). The module also addresses stability and buckling requirements during erection and operation of bridges and explains the nuances of Eurocodes 3 & 4 (and BS5400 where appropriate), thus enabling students to produce efficient designs when tackling coursework briefs and examination questions. Students become familiar with the different criteria that must be met for a design scheme to be successful, with respect to safety, functionality and sustainability. The application of Codes of Practice (principally Eurocodes 3 and 4) covered in this module provide a strong foundation for work in professional teams dealing with bridge analysis and design. Professional skills also include presentation of technical calculations regarding the selection of types and sizes of structural elements vis-à-vis relevant clauses in codes of practice.

This is a compulsory module of the MSc in Water and Environmental Engineering. It is an optional module for the MEng programme in Civil Engineering and for the MS in Infrastructure Engineering.  The module teaches theory and practice of numerical tools for the simulation of river hydraulics and urban drainage networks. These tools are essential for the planning and design of sustainable flood alleviation schemes in the civil engineering practice.  

Civil engineers are often called on to design systems that will support large structures at depth or steep / vertical faces in soil. The former case will normally require large foundations, sometimes at depth whereas the latter may require an earth-retaining structure of some kind. Ground modifications techniques are often employed to improve the physical properties of ground before construction begins.  This module applies the basic principles of soil mechanics to the safe and sustainable design of large foundations and earth-retaining structures. It is expected that students taking this module have a background knowledge of soil mechanics and structural mechanics to the level of final year Bachelor of Engineering..

Spatial data ­— data tied to a specific geographical location or area — is ubiquitously available and provides rich insight into our natural and built environment, social and economic activities and much more. Geographical Information Science (GIS) provides the concepts, methods and tools to analyse such data, using the spatial component of the data as an integral part of the analysis. Remote Sensing (RS) systems image the entire Earth on daily basis. RS methods allow the derivation of a wide range of spatial information from the imagery, providing a major source of spatial data. GIS and RS are used in a wide range of disciplines including hydrology, natural resource management, climate change and infrastructure planning. This module introduces the theoretical foundations and trains the student in using these techniques to solve problems and support decision making, with an emphasis on Civil and Environmental Engineering practice.

Nature Based Solutions (NBS) are defined by International Union for Conservation of Nature as actions to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems, which address societal challenges (e.g., climate change, water security or natural disasters) effectively and adaptively, while simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits. NBS are increasingly used as a more sustainable way of managing environments or environmental systems. NBS use nature¿s own resources (clean air, water, plants, and soil) to provide cost-effective environmental, social, and economic benefits and help build resilience. Such solutions bring more diverse nature and natural features and processes into existing networks and infrastructure systems including cities, landscapes, and coastal areas, through site specific, locally adapted, resource-efficient interventions. Engineers are working to restore natural buffering systems (e.g., wetlands and tree canopies), utilise green infrastructure, and better manage natural areas to restore riparian corridors, create resilient coastal ecosystems, manage flood risk, enhance water quality and waste treatment, improve air quality, mitigate climate change and more. NBS are often seen as an alternative, more sustainable solution to hard engineered infrastructure solution (by fulfilling multiple services and / by having fewer adverse characteristics). However, NBS cannot be unilaterally implemented due to prevailing characteristics of the built and natural environments. The module will provide the knowledge and skills needed to explore, critically assess, and evaluate the ¿why¿, ¿how¿ and utility of NBS to protect, manage and restore ecosystems vulnerable to societal and environmental challenges. An important part of the module will be to critically assess, compare, and determine the feasibility of different solutions drawn from literature and case studies where NBS have been successful implemented. .The module will draw on the desire of communities to live in green spaces and explore options for engineers to design and integrate facilities within ecosystems in a way that benefits ecological and human health. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of NBS, the module will explore different environments (air, water, coastal, rural, and urban) ensuring the interaction between different research disciplines such as coastal management, wastewater treatment, air quality, material and infrastructure, and urban management.

Earthquake engineering module aims to cover the fundamental concepts associated with the way earthquakes are generated, principles behind seismic  hazard analysis, methods to analyse behaviour of structures and foundations under seismic loading, behaviour of ground during earthquakes (ground response analysis and liquefaction). It also covers earthquake resistant design principles.

Geotechnical engineers and structural engineers tend to approach soil-structure interaction problems quite differently.  On the one hand, geotechnical engineers take great care over the representation of the soil, but then often assume the structure to be either perfectly flexible or perfectly rigid.  Structural engineers, on the other hand, may spend a great deal of time ensuring the structure is modelled as realistically as possible, but then often assume that the supporting soil behaves like a bed of linear elastic springs.  For routine design, either approach may be sufficiently accurate – and it may be difficult to justify the cost of more rigorous modelling. When the situation demands, it will be necessary to create models that take into account the real behaviour of both soil and structure, and this module will provide you with some of the tools for doing this.  A range of soil-structure interaction models and solution methods will be covered, ranging from the simple to the complex.  At the conclusion of the module, you will be in a better position to judge what level of model may be appropriate for a given situation, and what information will be required in order to set up the analysis.  In addition, you should be able to evaluate the analysis output with a clearer understanding of the strengths and limitations of the chosen representation.

Prestressed concrete is the principle method by which concrete is used in bridge. The module concentrates on the principles of analysis and design of both pre- and post-tensioning prestressed concrete.  Fundamental design principles are covered, based on the physical concepts of prestressing, the properties and use of materials, the anchorages and splices of tendons, the significance of bond, the degree of prestressing and the losses. Focus is placed on both the preliminary and final design of prestressed bridge superstructures, including the loading, the analysis, the detailing and the construction of prestressed superstructures. Design is in accordance with the current Eurocode 2 standards, but is also complemented with state-of-the-art knowledge. Economy and aesthetics are discussed in the module.

The module reviews the durability characteristics of the materials used in the construction of modern bridges and engineering structures but focuses on concrete and steel, and their combination as both reinforced and prestressed concrete. The relationship between material behaviour and environment is reviewed and the implications for those tasked with the operation of engineering structures in a changing world is discussed. The various methods for assessing the condition of a structure are explored and linked to the need for viable inspection, maintenance strategies. The course uses a number of case studies to allow the material presented to be placed within its engineering context. The lessons learnt are applied to the problem of the design and construction of new structures in light of the degradation process and external forces to which they may be subject.The module provides students with an opportunity to review and extend their understanding and integration of the key threads of Design, Health and Safety and Sustainability in relation to the whole life of an asset.

Infrastructure systems have become increasingly complex and interconnected which results in strong interdependencies between them. These systems may become fragile and subject to disruptions that can have significant consequences both in the local as well as national and global level. This module forms the foundation required for systems thinking in infrastructure by introducing the background required for modelling the interconnected nature of infrastructure systems and understanding the different types of interdependencies that exist between them. It also provides an overview of the different types of risks that need to be considered for assessing the resilience of infrastructure systems and discusses the different adaptation and mitigation options available for sustaining their continuous operation and preventing cascading failures.

This module is designed to provide insights into aspects of advanced soil mechanics, including soil constitutive models, soil parameter selections and determinations, which are necessary to carry out design of geotechnical structures and foundations. It will also introduce the Finite Element Models and its applications to analyse typical soil-structure interaction problems. It builds upon the fundamental knowledge from module ENG2104 Soil Mechanics, thus a revision to the essential basics is given at the start of the module.

ENGM270 Energy Geotechnics is a postgraduate module focused on the geotechnical design principles essential for contemporary and emerging energy infrastructure projects. The curriculum encompasses shallow geothermal energy systems, renewable energy foundations for both offshore and onshore wind turbines, offshore oil and gas installation foundations, and nuclear power systems. Specialised lectures cover high-level nuclear waste disposal and carbon geo-sequestration. Key topics include heat transport in soils, geothermal energy pile systems, and offshore wind turbine foundation design, supplemented by practical coursework on numerical modelling of geothermal systems. The module is designed for students with a foundational understanding of soil and structural mechanics, equivalent to a final-year Bachelor of Engineering.

This module provides an overview of the management of infrastructure assets both at individual as well as network/system level. It introduces the concepts, theory and methods for infrastructure asset management through utilisation of a whole-life framework. It covers asset management frameworks, risk management and asset performance modelling towards the development of maintenance strategies for infrastructure assets. Case study examples from different infrastructure sectors are reviewed. 

This module is aimed at familiarising students with the concept of the economics of infrastructure. It introduces the background behind investment and funding required for the financial planning of infrastructure and discusses the various forms of funding available for infrastructure (public, private and combined), including their merits and limitations. Financing models for different infrastructure sectors are described. Different types of risks associated with infrastructure investments are reviewed and their assessment and prioritisation within changing economic climates is studied. Within the context of whole-life infrastructure engineering, this module covers the initial financial planning phase of infrastructure projects with other infrastructure-themed modules (ENGM265, ENGM266) covering the remaining life-cycle stages and expanding further on whole-life risks (ENGM264).

This module is concerned with the design of steel and steel/concrete composite bridges. Emphasis is placed on understanding the fundamentals of steel and steel/concrete composite analysis in relation to the design of plate or box girder bridges. It builds on knowledge and skills acquired in earlier structural design modules (in particular ENG1076 and ENG2102, which deal with the design of steel structures according to Eurocode 3). The module also addresses stability and buckling requirements during erection and operation of bridges and explains the nuances of Eurocodes 3 & 4 (and BS5400 where appropriate), thus enabling students to produce efficient designs when tackling coursework briefs and examination questions. Students become familiar with the different criteria that must be met for a design scheme to be successful, with respect to safety, functionality and sustainability. The application of Codes of Practice (principally Eurocodes 3 and 4) covered in this module provide a strong foundation for work in professional teams dealing with bridge analysis and design. Professional skills also include presentation of technical calculations regarding the selection of types and sizes of structural elements vis-à-vis relevant clauses in codes of practice.

This is a compulsory module of the MSc in Water and Environmental Engineering. It is an optional module for the MEng programme in Civil Engineering and for the MS in Infrastructure Engineering.  The module teaches theory and practice of numerical tools for the simulation of river hydraulics and urban drainage networks. These tools are essential for the planning and design of sustainable flood alleviation schemes in the civil engineering practice.  

Civil engineers are often called on to design systems that will support large structures at depth or steep / vertical faces in soil. The former case will normally require large foundations, sometimes at depth whereas the latter may require an earth-retaining structure of some kind. Ground modifications techniques are often employed to improve the physical properties of ground before construction begins.  This module applies the basic principles of soil mechanics to the safe and sustainable design of large foundations and earth-retaining structures. It is expected that students taking this module have a background knowledge of soil mechanics and structural mechanics to the level of final year Bachelor of Engineering..

Spatial data ­— data tied to a specific geographical location or area — is ubiquitously available and provides rich insight into our natural and built environment, social and economic activities and much more. Geographical Information Science (GIS) provides the concepts, methods and tools to analyse such data, using the spatial component of the data as an integral part of the analysis. Remote Sensing (RS) systems image the entire Earth on daily basis. RS methods allow the derivation of a wide range of spatial information from the imagery, providing a major source of spatial data. GIS and RS are used in a wide range of disciplines including hydrology, natural resource management, climate change and infrastructure planning. This module introduces the theoretical foundations and trains the student in using these techniques to solve problems and support decision making, with an emphasis on Civil and Environmental Engineering practice.

Nature Based Solutions (NBS) are defined by International Union for Conservation of Nature as actions to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems, which address societal challenges (e.g., climate change, water security or natural disasters) effectively and adaptively, while simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits. NBS are increasingly used as a more sustainable way of managing environments or environmental systems. NBS use nature¿s own resources (clean air, water, plants, and soil) to provide cost-effective environmental, social, and economic benefits and help build resilience. Such solutions bring more diverse nature and natural features and processes into existing networks and infrastructure systems including cities, landscapes, and coastal areas, through site specific, locally adapted, resource-efficient interventions. Engineers are working to restore natural buffering systems (e.g., wetlands and tree canopies), utilise green infrastructure, and better manage natural areas to restore riparian corridors, create resilient coastal ecosystems, manage flood risk, enhance water quality and waste treatment, improve air quality, mitigate climate change and more. NBS are often seen as an alternative, more sustainable solution to hard engineered infrastructure solution (by fulfilling multiple services and / by having fewer adverse characteristics). However, NBS cannot be unilaterally implemented due to prevailing characteristics of the built and natural environments. The module will provide the knowledge and skills needed to explore, critically assess, and evaluate the ¿why¿, ¿how¿ and utility of NBS to protect, manage and restore ecosystems vulnerable to societal and environmental challenges. An important part of the module will be to critically assess, compare, and determine the feasibility of different solutions drawn from literature and case studies where NBS have been successful implemented. .The module will draw on the desire of communities to live in green spaces and explore options for engineers to design and integrate facilities within ecosystems in a way that benefits ecological and human health. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of NBS, the module will explore different environments (air, water, coastal, rural, and urban) ensuring the interaction between different research disciplines such as coastal management, wastewater treatment, air quality, material and infrastructure, and urban management.

Earthquake engineering module aims to cover the fundamental concepts associated with the way earthquakes are generated, principles behind seismic  hazard analysis, methods to analyse behaviour of structures and foundations under seismic loading, behaviour of ground during earthquakes (ground response analysis and liquefaction). It also covers earthquake resistant design principles.

Geotechnical engineers and structural engineers tend to approach soil-structure interaction problems quite differently.  On the one hand, geotechnical engineers take great care over the representation of the soil, but then often assume the structure to be either perfectly flexible or perfectly rigid.  Structural engineers, on the other hand, may spend a great deal of time ensuring the structure is modelled as realistically as possible, but then often assume that the supporting soil behaves like a bed of linear elastic springs.  For routine design, either approach may be sufficiently accurate – and it may be difficult to justify the cost of more rigorous modelling. When the situation demands, it will be necessary to create models that take into account the real behaviour of both soil and structure, and this module will provide you with some of the tools for doing this.  A range of soil-structure interaction models and solution methods will be covered, ranging from the simple to the complex.  At the conclusion of the module, you will be in a better position to judge what level of model may be appropriate for a given situation, and what information will be required in order to set up the analysis.  In addition, you should be able to evaluate the analysis output with a clearer understanding of the strengths and limitations of the chosen representation.

Prestressed concrete is the principle method by which concrete is used in bridge. The module concentrates on the principles of analysis and design of both pre- and post-tensioning prestressed concrete.  Fundamental design principles are covered, based on the physical concepts of prestressing, the properties and use of materials, the anchorages and splices of tendons, the significance of bond, the degree of prestressing and the losses. Focus is placed on both the preliminary and final design of prestressed bridge superstructures, including the loading, the analysis, the detailing and the construction of prestressed superstructures. Design is in accordance with the current Eurocode 2 standards, but is also complemented with state-of-the-art knowledge. Economy and aesthetics are discussed in the module.

The module reviews the durability characteristics of the materials used in the construction of modern bridges and engineering structures but focuses on concrete and steel, and their combination as both reinforced and prestressed concrete. The relationship between material behaviour and environment is reviewed and the implications for those tasked with the operation of engineering structures in a changing world is discussed. The various methods for assessing the condition of a structure are explored and linked to the need for viable inspection, maintenance strategies. The course uses a number of case studies to allow the material presented to be placed within its engineering context. The lessons learnt are applied to the problem of the design and construction of new structures in light of the degradation process and external forces to which they may be subject.The module provides students with an opportunity to review and extend their understanding and integration of the key threads of Design, Health and Safety and Sustainability in relation to the whole life of an asset.

Infrastructure systems have become increasingly complex and interconnected which results in strong interdependencies between them. These systems may become fragile and subject to disruptions that can have significant consequences both in the local as well as national and global level. This module forms the foundation required for systems thinking in infrastructure by introducing the background required for modelling the interconnected nature of infrastructure systems and understanding the different types of interdependencies that exist between them. It also provides an overview of the different types of risks that need to be considered for assessing the resilience of infrastructure systems and discusses the different adaptation and mitigation options available for sustaining their continuous operation and preventing cascading failures.

This module is designed to provide insights into aspects of advanced soil mechanics, including soil constitutive models, soil parameter selections and determinations, which are necessary to carry out design of geotechnical structures and foundations. It will also introduce the Finite Element Models and its applications to analyse typical soil-structure interaction problems. It builds upon the fundamental knowledge from module ENG2104 Soil Mechanics, thus a revision to the essential basics is given at the start of the module.

ENGM270 Energy Geotechnics is a postgraduate module focused on the geotechnical design principles essential for contemporary and emerging energy infrastructure projects. The curriculum encompasses shallow geothermal energy systems, renewable energy foundations for both offshore and onshore wind turbines, offshore oil and gas installation foundations, and nuclear power systems. Specialised lectures cover high-level nuclear waste disposal and carbon geo-sequestration. Key topics include heat transport in soils, geothermal energy pile systems, and offshore wind turbine foundation design, supplemented by practical coursework on numerical modelling of geothermal systems. The module is designed for students with a foundational understanding of soil and structural mechanics, equivalent to a final-year Bachelor of Engineering.

This module provides an overview of the management of infrastructure assets both at individual as well as network/system level. It introduces the concepts, theory and methods for infrastructure asset management through utilisation of a whole-life framework. It covers asset management frameworks, risk management and asset performance modelling towards the development of maintenance strategies for infrastructure assets. Case study examples from different infrastructure sectors are reviewed. 

This module is aimed at familiarising students with the concept of the economics of infrastructure. It introduces the background behind investment and funding required for the financial planning of infrastructure and discusses the various forms of funding available for infrastructure (public, private and combined), including their merits and limitations. Financing models for different infrastructure sectors are described. Different types of risks associated with infrastructure investments are reviewed and their assessment and prioritisation within changing economic climates is studied. Within the context of whole-life infrastructure engineering, this module covers the initial financial planning phase of infrastructure projects with other infrastructure-themed modules (ENGM265, ENGM266) covering the remaining life-cycle stages and expanding further on whole-life risks (ENGM264).

This module is concerned with the design of steel and steel/concrete composite bridges. Emphasis is placed on understanding the fundamentals of steel and steel/concrete composite analysis in relation to the design of plate or box girder bridges. It builds on knowledge and skills acquired in earlier structural design modules (in particular ENG1076 and ENG2102, which deal with the design of steel structures according to Eurocode 3). The module also addresses stability and buckling requirements during erection and operation of bridges and explains the nuances of Eurocodes 3 & 4 (and BS5400 where appropriate), thus enabling students to produce efficient designs when tackling coursework briefs and examination questions. Students become familiar with the different criteria that must be met for a design scheme to be successful, with respect to safety, functionality and sustainability. The application of Codes of Practice (principally Eurocodes 3 and 4) covered in this module provide a strong foundation for work in professional teams dealing with bridge analysis and design. Professional skills also include presentation of technical calculations regarding the selection of types and sizes of structural elements vis-à-vis relevant clauses in codes of practice.

This is a compulsory module of the MSc in Water and Environmental Engineering. It is an optional module for the MEng programme in Civil Engineering and for the MS in Infrastructure Engineering.  The module teaches theory and practice of numerical tools for the simulation of river hydraulics and urban drainage networks. These tools are essential for the planning and design of sustainable flood alleviation schemes in the civil engineering practice.  

Civil engineers are often called on to design systems that will support large structures at depth or steep / vertical faces in soil. The former case will normally require large foundations, sometimes at depth whereas the latter may require an earth-retaining structure of some kind. Ground modifications techniques are often employed to improve the physical properties of ground before construction begins.  This module applies the basic principles of soil mechanics to the safe and sustainable design of large foundations and earth-retaining structures. It is expected that students taking this module have a background knowledge of soil mechanics and structural mechanics to the level of final year Bachelor of Engineering..

Spatial data ­— data tied to a specific geographical location or area — is ubiquitously available and provides rich insight into our natural and built environment, social and economic activities and much more. Geographical Information Science (GIS) provides the concepts, methods and tools to analyse such data, using the spatial component of the data as an integral part of the analysis. Remote Sensing (RS) systems image the entire Earth on daily basis. RS methods allow the derivation of a wide range of spatial information from the imagery, providing a major source of spatial data. GIS and RS are used in a wide range of disciplines including hydrology, natural resource management, climate change and infrastructure planning. This module introduces the theoretical foundations and trains the student in using these techniques to solve problems and support decision making, with an emphasis on Civil and Environmental Engineering practice.

Nature Based Solutions (NBS) are defined by International Union for Conservation of Nature as actions to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems, which address societal challenges (e.g., climate change, water security or natural disasters) effectively and adaptively, while simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits. NBS are increasingly used as a more sustainable way of managing environments or environmental systems. NBS use nature¿s own resources (clean air, water, plants, and soil) to provide cost-effective environmental, social, and economic benefits and help build resilience. Such solutions bring more diverse nature and natural features and processes into existing networks and infrastructure systems including cities, landscapes, and coastal areas, through site specific, locally adapted, resource-efficient interventions. Engineers are working to restore natural buffering systems (e.g., wetlands and tree canopies), utilise green infrastructure, and better manage natural areas to restore riparian corridors, create resilient coastal ecosystems, manage flood risk, enhance water quality and waste treatment, improve air quality, mitigate climate change and more. NBS are often seen as an alternative, more sustainable solution to hard engineered infrastructure solution (by fulfilling multiple services and / by having fewer adverse characteristics). However, NBS cannot be unilaterally implemented due to prevailing characteristics of the built and natural environments. The module will provide the knowledge and skills needed to explore, critically assess, and evaluate the ¿why¿, ¿how¿ and utility of NBS to protect, manage and restore ecosystems vulnerable to societal and environmental challenges. An important part of the module will be to critically assess, compare, and determine the feasibility of different solutions drawn from literature and case studies where NBS have been successful implemented. .The module will draw on the desire of communities to live in green spaces and explore options for engineers to design and integrate facilities within ecosystems in a way that benefits ecological and human health. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of NBS, the module will explore different environments (air, water, coastal, rural, and urban) ensuring the interaction between different research disciplines such as coastal management, wastewater treatment, air quality, material and infrastructure, and urban management.

Earthquake engineering module aims to cover the fundamental concepts associated with the way earthquakes are generated, principles behind seismic  hazard analysis, methods to analyse behaviour of structures and foundations under seismic loading, behaviour of ground during earthquakes (ground response analysis and liquefaction). It also covers earthquake resistant design principles.

Geotechnical engineers and structural engineers tend to approach soil-structure interaction problems quite differently.  On the one hand, geotechnical engineers take great care over the representation of the soil, but then often assume the structure to be either perfectly flexible or perfectly rigid.  Structural engineers, on the other hand, may spend a great deal of time ensuring the structure is modelled as realistically as possible, but then often assume that the supporting soil behaves like a bed of linear elastic springs.  For routine design, either approach may be sufficiently accurate – and it may be difficult to justify the cost of more rigorous modelling. When the situation demands, it will be necessary to create models that take into account the real behaviour of both soil and structure, and this module will provide you with some of the tools for doing this.  A range of soil-structure interaction models and solution methods will be covered, ranging from the simple to the complex.  At the conclusion of the module, you will be in a better position to judge what level of model may be appropriate for a given situation, and what information will be required in order to set up the analysis.  In addition, you should be able to evaluate the analysis output with a clearer understanding of the strengths and limitations of the chosen representation.