Dr Lei Xing
Lecturer in Digital Chemical Engineering / Fellow of Institute for Sustainability / Fellow of Institute for People-Centred AI
PhD, FHEA, MIChemE
Academic and research departments
Sustainable energy and materials, Information and process systems engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering.About
Biography
Dr. Lei Xing joined the Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, as a lecturer in September 2022. Prior to this, he worked as postdoctoral research associate in world-leading universities, including Oxford, Purdue and Birmingham, etc. Dr. Lei Xing received his PhD in Chemical and Process Engineering from Newcastle University. His research interests include electrochemical energy conversion (fuel cells, electrolysers), carbon capture and utilisation, artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-enabled multi-criteria assessment and model predictive control, with specific focus on multi-physics and multi-phase flow modelling, multi-objective optimisation, techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of renewable energy-based systems.
Dr. Lei Xing has worked across disciplines and established national and international collaborations with colleagues from chemistry, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and computer science. He is a Chartered Member of IChemE (MIChemE), fellow of higher education (FHEA), Associate Editor of Frontiers in Energy Research, Editorial Board Member of Energy and AI, CCST, Energies, etc, and Guest Editor, Topic Editor and Review Editor of several international journals. He has published 4 book chapters, 120+ journal papers, including 5 highly cited papers, with h-index of 36 and citation of 4100+ to date (Nov 2024).
News
In the media
IAS workshop - Digitally enabled circular economy
Dr. Lei Xing successfully organised a workshop as an one marking the 20th anniversary of the Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) of Surrey.
Workshop organiser
ResearchResearch interests
Dr. Lei Xing's research interest lies in the sustainable growth of chemical and energy industries via industrial decarbonation and AI-based digitalisation within the context of circular economy, with focuses on the next-generation processes, devices and systems of carbon capture and utilisation, fuel cells and electrolysis. His current research focuses on the whole system thinking and optimisation of the industrial clusters consisting of advanced carbon capture and utilisation and intermittent renewable energy, in which AI-based adaptive optimisation, techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) are performed to underpin the Net Zero target, including:
Artificial intelligence (AI) and digital twin (DT) of chemical/electrochemical reactors and system
- ML-based data-driven surrogate models and digital twins applied on chemical/electrochemical devices.
- AI-based model predictive control and multi-objective optimisation of chemical/electrochemical processes.
Sustainable energy and green hydrogen/ammonia
- Multi-scale, multi-physics, two-phase flow, CFD modelling and multi-variable optimisation of fuel cells.
- Hydrogen production through protonic ceramic and solid oxide electrolysis cells.
- TEA and LCA of renewable energy system based on green hydrogen and ammonia.
Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS)
- Trickle bed, packed bubble column and slurry reactor design for CO2 capture via enhanced weathering.
- Electrochemical reactor design, scale-up and multi-objective optimisation for CO2 conversion.
- Digital twin and AI-enabled dynamically adaptive optimisation of CO2 capture and conversion processes.
Circular fertilise economy for sustainable industrial agri-food nexus and environmental protection
- Co-electrolysis of wastewater and CO2 for sustainable circular fertiliser economy.
- Photocatalyst preparation, characterisation, and evaluation in degradation of pollution in wastewater.
Formulation engineering and particle technology
- Fluidised bed coating, controlled release, and mechanical properties analysis of functional particles.
- LBM-FEM-DEM coupling and parallel simulating for subcutaneous injection of protein solution.
Research projects
Investigation the role of sustainable transport fuel in decarbonising ‘hard to abate’ sectors in transport systemEPSRC - CENTS Forward Fund
AI-powered technical and business innovation of circular fertiliser economy systemUGPN-RCF
Mechanistic and data-driven modelling of electrochemical CO2 reduction electrolyser operated with oxygen-mixed impurity reactantDaiwa Foundation
Triple Boost Strategy for Low Energy Consuming Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis (Trimonia)UK-HyRES Flexible Fund
Techno-economic-environmental assessment of hydrogen and value-added glycolic acid production through EG-water co-electrolysisRoyal Society – International Exchange 2024 Cost Share (NSFC)
OLINWASTE – SMART AND SUSTAINABLE BIOREFINING OF OLIVE MILL WASTE INTO BIOCOMPOUNDS FOR PLANT AND SOIL HEALTH, BIOPLASTICS, AND BIOENERGYEU HORIZON Research and Innovation Actions
Research interests
Dr. Lei Xing's research interest lies in the sustainable growth of chemical and energy industries via industrial decarbonation and AI-based digitalisation within the context of circular economy, with focuses on the next-generation processes, devices and systems of carbon capture and utilisation, fuel cells and electrolysis. His current research focuses on the whole system thinking and optimisation of the industrial clusters consisting of advanced carbon capture and utilisation and intermittent renewable energy, in which AI-based adaptive optimisation, techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) are performed to underpin the Net Zero target, including:
Artificial intelligence (AI) and digital twin (DT) of chemical/electrochemical reactors and system
- ML-based data-driven surrogate models and digital twins applied on chemical/electrochemical devices.
- AI-based model predictive control and multi-objective optimisation of chemical/electrochemical processes.
Sustainable energy and green hydrogen/ammonia
- Multi-scale, multi-physics, two-phase flow, CFD modelling and multi-variable optimisation of fuel cells.
- Hydrogen production through protonic ceramic and solid oxide electrolysis cells.
- TEA and LCA of renewable energy system based on green hydrogen and ammonia.
Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS)
- Trickle bed, packed bubble column and slurry reactor design for CO2 capture via enhanced weathering.
- Electrochemical reactor design, scale-up and multi-objective optimisation for CO2 conversion.
- Digital twin and AI-enabled dynamically adaptive optimisation of CO2 capture and conversion processes.
Circular fertilise economy for sustainable industrial agri-food nexus and environmental protection
- Co-electrolysis of wastewater and CO2 for sustainable circular fertiliser economy.
- Photocatalyst preparation, characterisation, and evaluation in degradation of pollution in wastewater.
Formulation engineering and particle technology
- Fluidised bed coating, controlled release, and mechanical properties analysis of functional particles.
- LBM-FEM-DEM coupling and parallel simulating for subcutaneous injection of protein solution.
Research projects
Investigation the role of sustainable transport fuel in decarbonising ‘hard to abate’ sectors in transport system
EPSRC - CENTS Forward Fund
AI-powered technical and business innovation of circular fertiliser economy system
UGPN-RCF
Mechanistic and data-driven modelling of electrochemical CO2 reduction electrolyser operated with oxygen-mixed impurity reactant
Daiwa Foundation
Triple Boost Strategy for Low Energy Consuming Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis (Trimonia)
UK-HyRES Flexible Fund
Techno-economic-environmental assessment of hydrogen and value-added glycolic acid production through EG-water co-electrolysis
Royal Society – International Exchange 2024 Cost Share (NSFC)
OLINWASTE – SMART AND SUSTAINABLE BIOREFINING OF OLIVE MILL WASTE INTO BIOCOMPOUNDS FOR PLANT AND SOIL HEALTH, BIOPLASTICS, AND BIOENERGY
EU HORIZON Research and Innovation Actions
Supervision
Postgraduate research supervision
Thorin Daniel - Electrochemical System Design using Artificial Intelligence
2nd year PhD student, co-supervised with Prof. Jin Xuan and Prof. Qiong Cai.
Jiahao Mao - AI-based Energy Management System for Electrolysers
2nd year PhD student.
- Yuanjing Zhao - Modelling and Optimisation of Electrified Green Methanol Production System based on Electrochemical CO2 reduction
2nd year PhD student.
- Zhilin Yang - Circular Space Economy
2nd year PhD student, co-supervised with Prof. Jin Xuan and Dr. Lirong Liu.
- Meng Deng - Digital twin of the next-generation free-piston engine
1st year PhD student, Co-supervised with Dr. Guohong Tian from Mechanical Engineering.
- Zheng Li - Modelling of Protonic Ceramic Electrolysis Cell Stacks
Exchange student from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
Jingfei Wang - Federated machine learning for residential energy forecasting
Exchange student from Northeastern University.
Chao Yang - Soft-sensors for quality prediction of dynamic processes
Exchange student from Northeastern University.
- Xuefeng Zhang - Up-scaling study of electrochemical Li+ extraction
Exchange student from Taiyuan University of Technology.
Teaching
MDDP projects: UK Net Zero Strategy - Balancing the Energy Demand
ENG2128 Engineering Systems and Management
ENG3200 Advanced Chemical and Petrochemical Reaction Engineering
Final year design project: process and equipment design
Publications
Highlights
Book chapters:
- L. Xing*, J. Xuan, P.K. Das. Chapter 2 - Fuel cell fundamentals in Fuel Cell for Transportation. Fundamental Principles and Application. Elsevier, 2023, 29-72.
- L. Xing*, X. Song, P.K. Das. Chapter 3 - Fuel cell modeling and optimization in Fuel Cell for Transportation. Fundamental Principles and Application. Elsevier, 2023, 73-101.
- K. Scott*, L. Xing. Chapter 3 - Direct Methanol Fuel Cells in Advances in Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2012, 41: 145-196.
Journal papers:
- 2024
- M. Asghar*, W. Zhang, H. Su, J. Zhang, H. Liu, L. Xing, X. Yan, Q. Xu*. A review of proton exchange membranes modified with inorganic nanomaterials for fuel cells. Energy Advances, 2024, DOI: 10.1039/d4ya00446a
- N. Yang, Q. Liu, B. Wang, J. Xuan*, L. Xing*. A novel PV/T system integrated with spectral beam filter: A comprehensive optical and thermodynamic study. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2024, 257: 124457.
- L. Pan, H. Rao, J. Ren, S. Wan, Z. Guo, Z. Wang, M. Han, X. Fan, J. Sun, Y. Li, L. Xing*, L. Zeng*, T. Zhao*, L. Wei*. Innovations in stack design and optimization strategies for redox flow batteries in large-scale energy storage. The Innovation Energy, 2024, 1: 100040.
- M. R. Asghar, W. Zhang, H. Su, J. Zhang, B. Rhimi, H. Liu, L. Xing, X. Yan, Q. Xu*. A review of additional modifications of additives through hydrophilic functional groups for the application of proton exchange membranes in fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources, 2024, 622: 235353.
- W. Yu, Z. Xiao, W. Zhang, Q. Ma, Z. Li, X. Yan, H. Su, L. Xing*, Q. Xu*. Influence of current collector design and combination on the performance of passive direct methanol fuel cells. Catalysts. 2024, 14: 632.
- J. Mao, Z. Li, J. Xuan, X. Du, M. Ni, L. Xing*. A review of control strategies for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuels and water electrolysers: From automation to autonomy. Energy and AI. 2024, 17: 100406.
- Z. Li, C. Wang, X. Chen, N. Yu, L. Xing, J. Xuan, M. Han, M. Ni*. A deep-learning-boosted surrogate model of a metal foam based protonic ceramic electrolysis cell stack for uncertainty quantification. Energy Conversion and Management. 2024, 318: 118886.
- G. Zhang, X. Liu*, H. Lei*, Y. Wang, D. Bildan, X. Zhuge, L. Xing, K. Luo*. Scale-up study of electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction process through data-driven modelling. Fuel. 2024, 373: 132400.
- N. Yang, Q. Liu, J. Xuan*, B. Wang, L. Xing*. Enhancing optical and thermohydraulic performance of linear Fresnel collectors with receiver tube enhancers. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2024, 231: 125850.
- T. Daniel, L. Xing, Q. Cai, L. Liu, J. Xuan*. Potential of progressive and disruptive innovation-driven cost reductions of green hydrogen production. Energy & Fuels. 2024, 38: 10370 - 10380.
- Z. Li, C. Wang, I.T. Bello, N. Yu, X. Chen, J. Xuan, L. Xing*, M. Han*, M. Ni*. A comprehensive 3D modelling exploration of a protonic ceramic electrolysis cell stack with metal foam. Journal of Power Sources. 2024, 606: 234581.
- C. Xiao, H. Huang, Z. Zhang, Y. Jiang, G. Wang, H. Liu, Y. Liu, L. Xing*, L. Zeng*. Optimizing catalyst layer structure design for improved water management of anion exchange membrane fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources. 2024, 606: 234509.
- Z. Liu*, Y. Zhang, J. Lee, L. Xing*. A review of application mechanism and research progress of Fe/montmorillonite-based catalysts in hetrogeneous Feton reactions. Journal of Environment Chemical Engineering. 2024, 12: 112152.
- Z. Liu*, D. Zhou, H. Ma*, L. Xing, Q. Zhang, J. Liu. Sulfated CeO2-TiO2 as H2 evolution photocatalyst: synertic effects of heterojunction and sulfation on catalyst performance. Journal of Molecular Structure . 2024, 1314: 138732.
- J. Zhang, X. Zhuge, T. Liu, K. Luo*, J. Lyu, Y. Ren, Y. Li*, L. Xing*. Coper-doped nickel oxide supported on carbon black for highly active oxygen reduction/evolution electrocatalysis. Materials Today Communications. 2024, 38: 108335.
- Y. Shao, C Zhang, L. Xing, H. Sun*, Q. Zhao, L. Zhang. A new dust detection method for photovoltaic panel surface based on Pytorch and its economic benefit analysis. Energy and AI. 2024, 16: 100349.
- X. Zhang, Z. Zhang, L. Xing, J. Xuan, X. Hao*, F. Gao, X. Du, Z. Zhang, X. An, G. Guan, Z. Liu. Modelling and optimization of Li+ extraction from brine with high Mg/Li ratio by electrochemically switched ion exchange considering thermodynamics and dynamics simultaneously. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2024, 481: 148625.
- O. Fisher, L. Xing*, X. Tian, X.Y. Tai, J. Xuan*. Responsive CO2 capture: predictive multi-objective optimisation for managing intermittent flue gas and renewable energy supply. Reaction Chemistry & Engineering. 2024, 9: 235-250.
- G. Li, W. Yu, M.R. Asghar, W. Zhang, H.Su, C. Li, L. Xing*, Q. Xu*. Effect of graphene aerogel as a catalyst layer additive on performance of direct methanol fuel cell. Fuel. 2024, 360: 130503.
- C. Zhang, Y. Shao*, H. Sun, L. Xing, Q. Zhao, L. Zhang. The WuC-Adam algorithm based on joint improvement of Warmup and consine annealing algorithms. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering. 2024, 21: 1270-1285.
- Y. Shao, J. Wang, H. Sun*, H. Yu, L. Xing, Q. Zhao, L. Zhang. An improved BGE-Adam optimization algorithm based on entropy weighting and adaptive gradient strategy. Symmetry. 2024, 16: 623.
- Y. Shao, J. Yang, W. Zhou, H. Sun*, L. Xing, Q. Zhao, L. Zhang. An improvement of Adam based on a cyclic expoential decay learning rate and gradient norm constraints. Electronics. 2024, 13: 1778.
- H. Sun, Y. Cai, R. Tao, Y. Shao*, L. Xing, C. Zhang, Q. Zhao. An improved reacceleration optimization algorithm based on the momentum method for image recognition. Mathematics, 2024, 12: 1759.
- H. Sun, J. Cui, Y. Shao*, J. Yang, L. Xing, Q. Zhao, L. Zhang. A gastrointestinal image classification method based on improved Adam algorithm. Mathematics, 2024, 12: 2452.
- H. Sun, W. Zhou, J. Yang, Y. Shao*, L. Xing, Q. Zhao, L. Zhang. An improved medical image classification algorithm based on Adam optimizer. Mathematics, 2024, 12: 2509.
- H. Sun, H. Yu, Y. Shao*, J. Wang, L. Xing, L. Zhang, Q. Zhao. An improved Adam's algorithm for stomach image classification. Algorithms, 2024, 17: 272.
- H. Sun, W. Zhou, Y. Shao*, J. Cui, L. Xing, Q. Zhao, L. Zhang. A linear interpolation and curvature-controlled gradient optimization strategy based on Adam. Algorithms, 2024, 17: 272.
- 2023
- S. Wang, F. Li, J. Sadhukhan, J. Xuan, X. Mao, L. Xing, X. Zhao*, X. Wang*. Revealing the best solution simultaneously for environmental and economic performance using response surface methodology under the perspective of life cycle: A case study of sludge dewatering by the Fenton process. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2023, 434: 139846.
- H. Lan*, L. Xing, X. Song*, L. Yang. A novel flow field design method for HT-PEM fuel cells: a hybrid topology and surrogate model. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2023, 48: 32955-32967.
- L. Xing*, H. Jiang, X. Tian, H. Yin, W. Shi, E. Yu, V. Pinfield, J. Xuan. Combing machine learning with multi-physics modelling for multi-objective optimisation and techno-economic analysis of electrochemical CO2 reduction process. Carbon Capture Science and Technology. 2023, 9: 100138.
- X.Y. Tai, L. Xing*, Y. Zhang, Q. Fu, O. Fisher, S.D.R. Christie, J. Xuan. Dynamic optimisation of CO2 electrochemical reduction processes driven by intermittent renewable energy: Hybrid deep learning approach. Digital Chemical Engineering. 2023, 9: 100123.
- T. Xu, L. Shi, S. Shao, H. Wang, Y. Huang, L. Xing, R. Xia, R. Rossi, L. Zhu, H. Zhu, W. Yang, X. Mao*, X. Wang*. Dynamic pore modulation of contracted carbon fiber filter for wastewater treatment: Filtration performance and in-situ regeneration mechanism. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2023, 473: 145243.
- X.Y. Tai, L. Xing*, S.D.R. Christie*, J. Xuan*. Deep learning design of functionally graded porous electrode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Energy. 2023, 283: 128463.
- P. Balakrishnan, L. Guan, H. Liu, P. Leung, A. Shah, L. Xing*, H. Su, Q. Xu*. Tunable nitrogen crafted 2D-graphene nano-hybrid from inudstrial expansive and ecological approach as robust cathode micriporous layer to improve performance of a direct methanol fuel cell. Science China Technological Sciences, 2023, 66: 2669 - 2680.
- Y. Wang, X. Liao, H. Xu, W. He*, H. Li, L. Xing*, X. Wang*. Lattice Boltzmann simulation of cathode catalyst layer degradation on tranport reaction process within a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Green Energy and Resources. 2023,1: 100022.
- S. Wang, J. Sadhukhan, J. Xuan, Y. Yu, X. Mao, M. Wang, X. Chen, X. Zhou, L. Xing*, X. Wang*. Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Cost of Sludge Dewatering, Conditioned with Fe2+/H2O2, Fe2+/Ca(ClO)2, Fe2+/Na2S2O8, and Fe3+/CaO Based on Pilot-Scale Study Data. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2023, 11: 7798 - 7808.
- J. Wang, H. Jiang, G. Chen, H. Wang, L. Lu, J. Liu*, L. Xing*. Integration of multi-physics and machine learning-based surrogate modelling approaches for multi-objective optimization of deformed GDL of PEM fuel cells. Energy and AI. 2023, 14: 100261.
- H. Jiang, S. Wang, L. Xing*, V.J. Pinfield, J. Xuan*. Machine learning based techo-economic process optimisation for CO2 capture via enhanced weathering. Energy and AI, 2023, 12: 100234.
- J. Zhang, A. Yang*, R. Darton, L. Xing, A. Vaughan. Surrogate modelling-assisted comparison of reactor schemes for carbon dioxide removal by enhanced weathering of minerals using seawater. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 461: 141804.
- L. Xing, H. Jiang, S. Wang, V.J. Pinfield, J. Xuan*. Data-driven surrogate modelling and multi-variable optimization of trickle bed and packed bubble column reactors for CO2 capture via enhanced weathering. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 454: 139997.
- H. Lei, L. Xing*, H. Jiang, Y. Wang, B. B. Xu, J. Xuan*, T. X. Liu*. Designing graded fuel cell electrodes for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells with recurrent neural network (RNN) approaches. Chemical Engineering Science, 2023, 267: 118350.
- H. Mousa, L. Xing, P.K. Das*. Investigation of gradient platinum loading and porosity distribution for anion exchange membrane fuel cells. Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, 2023, 20: 041001.
- Z. Zhou, L. Xing, V. Venkatesan, H. Xu, W. Chen, J. Xuan*. Novel porous electrode designs for reversible solid oxide hydrogen planar cell through multi-physics modeling. Fuel Cells, 2023, 23: 119-134.
- H. He, Y. Huang, X. Zhang, Y. Ouyang, P. Pian, Y. Lan, Z. Zhong, L. Ping, T. Lu, Z. Chen*, L. Xing*, Q. Li*, Z. Qiu*. Supercritical fluid coating of flavnoids on excipients enhances drug release and antioxidant activity. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2023, 632: 122593.
- 2022
- L. Xing, G. Chen, J. Xuan, Q. Xu, L. He, H. Su, S. Zhang, W. Shi*. Improvement of Pt-based catalyst utilisation in PEM fuel cells through inhomogeneous distribution of platinum under channels and ribs. Chemical Engineering Science, 2022, 263: 118077.
- J. Yao, Z. Wu*, H. Wang, F. Yang, J. Xuan, L. Xing*, J. Ren, Z. Zhang*. Design and multi-objective optimization of low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells with efficient water recovery and high electrochemical performance. Applied Energy, 2022, 324: 119667.
- G. Chen, W. Shi, J. Xuan, Q. Xu, H. Guo, Z. Penga, H. Su, L. Xing*. Improvement of under-the-rib oxygen concentration and water removal in PEMFCs through 3D metal printed novel flow fields. AIChE Journal, 2022, 68: e17758.
- J. Wang, R. Ding, F. Cao, J. Li, H. Dong, T. Shi, L. Xing*, J. Liu*. Comparison of state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms and data-driven optimization methods for mitigating nitrogen crossover in PEM fuel cells. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 442: 136064.
- L. Xing, H. Pullin, L. Bullock, P. Renforth*, R. Darton, A. Yang*. Potential of enhanced weathering of calcite in packed bubble columns with seawater for carbon dioxide removal. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 431: 134096.
- Y. Wang, X. Wang, G. Chen, C. Chen, X. Wang, Z. Penga, Z. Yang, L. Xing*. Reinforcement of PEM fuel cell performance through a novel flow field design with auxiliary channels and a hole array. AIChE Journal, 2022, 68: e17461.
- Y. Wang, H. Lei, S. Lu, Z. Yang, B. Xu, L. Xing*, X. Liu*. Cu2O nano-flowers/graphene enabled scaffolding structure catalyst layer for enhanced CO2 electrochemical reduction. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2022, 305: 121022.
- Y. Wang*, H. Xu, X. Wang, J. Guan, X. Su, Y. Qin*, L. Xing*. Multi-sub-inlets at cathode flow-field plate for current density homogenization and enhancement of PEM fuel cell in low relative humidity. Energy Conversion and Management, 2022, 252: 115069. (highly cited paper)
- J. Zhang, P. Balkakrishnan, Z. Chang, P. Sun, H. Su, L. Xing*, Q. Xu*. Boosting the performance of alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell with low-Pd-loading nickel foam electrode via mixed acid-etching. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, 47: 9672-9679.
- Q. Guo, H. Guo*, F. Ye, L. Xing, C.F. Ma. A numerical study of dynamic behaviours of a unitized regenerative fuel cell during gas purging. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, 47: 22203-22214.
- S. Lu, Y. Wang, H. Xiang, H. Lei, B. Xu, L. Xing, E. Yu*, T. Liu*. Mass transfer effect to electrochemical reduction of CO2: electrode, electrocatalyst and electrolyte. Journal of Energy Storage, 2022, 52: 104764.
- P. Balakrishnan, F.D. Sanij, Z. Chang, P.K. Leung, H. Su, L. Xing, Q. Xu*. Nano-graphene layer from facile, scalable and eco-friendly liquid exfoliation strategy as effective barrier layer for high-performance and durable direct liquid alcohol fuel cells. Molecules, 2022, 27: 3044.
- S Ravichandran, N. Bhuvanendran, Q. Xu, T. Maiyalagan, L. Xing, H. Su*. Ordered mesoporous Pt-Ru-Ir nanostructures as superior bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction/oxygen evolution reactions. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2022, 608: 207-218.
- T. Chen, Z. Ma, Z. Qiu, Z. Zhong, L. Xing, Q. Guo, D. Luo, Z. Weng, F. Ge, Y. Huang, X. Zhang, H. He, X. Zhuang*, Q. Li*, T. Yuan*. Characterization of excipients to improve pharmaceutical properties of sirolimus in the supercritical anti-solvent fluidized process. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2022, 611: 121240.
- L. Guan, P. Balakrishnan, H. Liu, W. Zhang, Y. Deng, H. Su, L. Xing, Z. Penga, Qian Xu*. A tortuosity engineered dual-microporous layer electrode including graphene aerogel enabling largely improved direct methanol fuel cell performance with high-concentration fuel. Energies, 2022, 15: 9388.
- 2021
- L. Xing, R. Darton, A. Yang*. Enhanced weathering to capture atmospheric carbon dioxide: modelling of a trickle-bed reactor. AIChE Journal, 2021, 67: e17202.
- L. Xing*, Y. Xu, Z. Penga, Q. Xu, H. Su, F. Barbir, W. Shi*, J. Xuan. A segmented fuel cell unit with functionally graded distribution of platinum loading and operating temperature. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 406: 126889.
- G. Chen, Q. Xu*, J. Xuan, J. Liu, Q. Fu, W. Shi, H. Su, L. Xing*. Numerical study of inhomogeneous deformation of gas diffusion layer on proton exchange membrane fuel cells performance. Journal of Energy Storage, 2021, 44: 103486.
- W. Sun, C. Li, J. Bai*, L. Xing*. Carbon nanofibers-assembled tungsten oxide as unique hybrid electrode materials for high-performance symmetric supercapacitors. Energy & Fuels, 2021, 35: 11572-11579.
- L. Mihanović, Ž. Penga*, L. Xing*, V. Hacker. Combining baffles and secondary porous layers for performance enhancement of PEM fuel cells. Energies, 2021, 14: 3675.
- C. Chao, Y. Lu, L. Xing*. Levelling renewable power output using hydrogen-based storage system: A techno-economic analysis. Journal of Energy Storage, 2021, 37: 102413.
- Z. Chang, J. Zhang, W. Zhang, H. Su, L. Xing, Q. Ma, H. Zhang*, Q. Xu*. Enhanced cell performance and improved catalyst utilization for a direct methanol fuel cell with an in-plane gradient loading catalyst electrode. Processes, 2021, 9: 1787.
- W. Zhang, D. Yao, L. Tian, Z. Xie, Q. Ma, Q. Xu, S. Pasupathi, L. Xing, H. Su*. Enhanced performance of high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell using a novel dual catalyst layer structure cathode. Journal of Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2021, 125: 285-290.
- F. Zheng, P. Hou, C. Corpstein, L. Xing, T. Li*. Muliphysics modelling and simulation of subcutaneous injection and absorption of biotherapeutics: Model development. Pharmaceutical Research, 2021, 38: 607-624.
- P. Hou, F. Zheng, C. Corpstein, L. Xing, T. Li*. Muliphysics modelling and simulation of subcutaneous injection and absorption of biotherapeutics: Sensitivity analysis. Pharmaceutical Research, 2021, 38: 1011-1030.
- K. Peng, W. Zhang, N. Bhuvanendran, Q. Xu, L. Xing, L. Khotseng, H. Su*. Pt-based (Zn, Cu) Nanodendrites with Enhanced Catalytic Efficiency and Durability toward Methanol Electro-oxidation via trace Ir-Doping Engineering. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2021, 598: 126-135.
- Z. Xie, L. Tian, W. Zhang, Q. Ma, L. Xing, Q. Xu, L. Khotseng, H. Su*. Enhanced low-humidity performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell by incorporating phosphoric acid-loaded covalent organic framework in anode catalyst layer. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46: 10903-10912.
- P. Yue, Q. Fu*, J. Li, L. Zhang, L. Xing, Z. Kang, Q. Liao, X. Zhu. Triple-phase electrocatalysis for the enhanced CO2 reduction to HCOOH on hydrophobic surface. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 405: 126975.
- Q. Xu*, W. Sun, J. Zhang, W. Zhang, Q. Ma, H. Su, L. Xing. Constructing a graphene-contained layer in anode to improve the performance of direct methanol fuel cells using high-concentration fuel. International Journal of Green Energy, 2021, 18: 566-577.
- Z. Yang, D. Li, L. Xing, J. Xuan, S. Cheng, E. H. Yu*, A. Yang*. Modelling and upscaling analysis of gas diffusion electrode based electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction systems. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2021, 9: 351-361.
- C. Tian, C. Li, D. Chen, Y. Li, L. Xing, X. Tian, Y. Cao, W. Huang*, Z. Liu*, Y. Shen*. Sandwich hydrogel with confined plasmonic Cu/carbon cells for efficient solar water purification. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2021, 9: 15462.
- 2020
- L. Xing*, Y. Xu, Z. Penga, Q. Xu, H. Su, W. Shi*, F. Barbir. A novel flow field with controllable pressure gradient to enhance mass transport and water removal of PEM fuel cells. AIChE Journal, 2020, 66: e16957.
- Z. Liu, A. Wang, Q. Zhang*, J. Liu, H. Ma, D. Li, L. Xing*. Visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity of kaolinite: sensitized by in-situ growth of Cu-TiO2. Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 2020, 40: e13479.
- Z. Zhu, H. Yin*, Y. Wang, C.H. Chuang, L. Xing, M. Dong, Y.R. Lu, G. Casillas-Garcia, Y. Zheng, S. Chen, Y. Dou, P. Liu, Q. Cheng, H. Zhao*. Coexisted single atomic Fe and Ni sites on hierarchically ordered porous carbon as highly efficient ORR electrocatalyst. Advanced Materials, 2020, 32: 2004670. (highly cited paper)
- S. Kuang, M. Li, R. Xia, L. Xing, Y Su, Q. Fan, J Liu, E.J.M. Hensen, X. Ma, S. Zhang*. Stable surface-anchored Cu nanocubes for CO2 electroreduction to ethylene. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2020, 3: 8328-8334.
- J. Zhang, W. Zhang, Q. Ma, L. Xing, P. Leugn, C. Yang, H. Su, Q. Xu*. Balancing the electron conduction and mass transfer: Effect of nickel foam thickness on the performance of an alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell (ADEFC) with 3D porous anode. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2020, 45: 19801-19812.
- K. Peng, N. Bhuvanendran, S. Raichandran, W. Zhang, Q. Ma, L. Xing, Q. Xu, L. Khotseng, H. Su*. Carbon supported PtPdCr ternary alloy nanoparticles with enhanced electrocatalytic activity and durability for methanol oxidation reaction. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2020, 45: 22752-22760.
- K. Peng, N. Bhuvanendran, S. Raichandran, W. Zhang, Q. Ma, L. Xing, Q. Xu, L. Khotseng, H. Su*. Bimetallic Pt3Mn nanowire network structures with enhanced electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2020, 45: 30455 - 30462.
- J. Xu, Q. Ma, L. Xing, H. Li, P. Leung, W. Yang, H. Su, Q. Xu*. Modeling the effect of temperature on performance of an iron-vanadium redox flow battery with deep eutectic solvent (EDS) electrolyte. Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 449: 227491.
- Q. Ma, L. Xing, H. Su, W. Zhang, W. Yang, Q. Xu*. Numerical investigation on the dispersion effect in vanadium redox flow battery. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2020, 393: 124753.
- C. Tian, J. Liu, R. Ruan, X. Tian, X. Lai, L. Xing, Y. Su, W. Huang*, Y. Cao*, J. Tu*. Sandwich photothermal membrane with confined hierarchical carbon cells enabling high-efficiency solar steam generation. Small, 2020, 16: 2000573.
- 2019
- L. Xing*, W. Shi*, H. Su, Q. Xu, P.K. Das, B. Mao, K. Scott*. Membrane electrode assemblies for PEM fuel cells: A review on functional graded design and optimization. Energy, 2019, 177: 445-464. (highly cited paper)
- L. Xing, Y. Xu, P.K. Das, B. Mao, Q. Xu, H. Su, W. Shi*. Numerical matching of anisotropic transport processes in porous electrodes of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Chemical Engineering Science, 2019, 195: 127-140.
- L. Xing, Y. Li, T. Li*. Local concentrating, not shear stress, that may lead to possible instability of protein molecules during syringe injection: a fluid dynamic study with two-phase flow model. PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 2019, 73: 260-275.
- X. Chen, W. Cao*, L. Xing*. GA optimization method for a multi-vector energy system incorporating wind, hydrogen, and fuel cells for rural village applications. Applied Sciences, 2019, 9: 3554.
- W. Sun, W. Zhang, H. Su, P. Leung, L. Xing, L. Xu, C. Yang, Q. Xu*. Improving cell performance and alleviating performance degradation by constructing a novel structure of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of DMFCs. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44: 32231-32239.
- L. Guo, L. Xiang, F. Li, X. Liu, L. Xing, D. Li, Z. Luo, K. Luo*. Silver nanoparticle/multi-walled carbon nanotube hybrid as an effective electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline medium. ChemElectroChem. 2019, 6: 2489-2496.
- Y. Wang*, C. Liu, J. Xiang, L. Xing, X. Ou, S. Chen. Electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol on nickel doped metal organic frameworks MIL-110 modified glassy carbon electrode in alkaline medium. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2019, 14: 5247-5258.
- Y. Yang, B. Mao*, G. Gong, D. Li, Y. Liu, W. Cao, L. Xing, J. Zeng, W. Shi*, S. Yuan. In-situ growth of Zn–AgIn5S8 quantum dots on g-C3N4 towards 0D/2D heterostructured photocatalysts with enhanced hydrogen production. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44: 15882-15891. (highly cited paper)
- Z. Liu, X. Bao, L. Xing, J. Yang, Q. Zhang*. Template-free sol-hydrothermal synthesis of a nitrogen doped anatase/rutile/brookite TiO2 nano-rod bundle for visible light driven photocatalysis. Journal of Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2019, 48: 0077-0084.
- K. Zhang, Y. Liu, B. Wang, F. Yu, Y. Yang, L. Xing, J. Hao, J. Zeng, B. Mao*, W. Shi*, S. Yuan. Three-dimensional interconnected MoS2 nanosheets on industrial 316L stainless steel mesh as an efficient hydrogen evolution electrode. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44: 1555-1564.
- X. Gao, C. Ma, Y. Liu, L. Xing, Y. Yan*. Self-induced Fenton reaction constructed by Fe(III) grafted BiVO4 nanosheets with improved photocatalytic performance and mechanism insight. Applied Surface Science, 2019, 467-468: 673-683.
- 2018
- L. Xing*, Y. Wang, P.K. Das, K. Scott, W. Shi*. Homogenization of current density of PEM fuel cells by in-plane graded distributions of platinum loading and GDL porosity. Chemical Engineering Science, 2018, 192: 699-713.
- L. Xing*. An agglomerate model for PEM fuel cells operated with non-precious carbon-based ORR catalysts. Chemical Engineering Science, 2018, 179: 198-213.
- D. Yao, T.-C. Jao, W. Zhang, L. Xu, L. Xing, Q. Ma, Q. Xu, H. Li, S. Pasupathi, H. Su*. In-situ diagnosis on performance degradation of high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell by examining its electrochemical properties under operation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018, 43: 21006 - 21016.
- Q. Xu*, J. Zhao, L. Xing, H. Su, H. Li. Effect of air supply on the performance of an active DMFC fed with neat methanol. International Journal of Green Energy, 2018, 15: 181-188.
- Y. Gu, S. Yuan, J. Pei, L. Xing, C. Stephen, F. Zhang, Y. Liu. Effects of blade thickness on hydraulic performance and structural dynamic characteristics of high-power coolant pump at overload condition. Journal of Power and Energy, 2018, 232: 992-1003.
- 2017
- L. Xing*, P. K. Das, K. Scott, W. Shi*. Inhomogeneous spatial distribution of platinum and ionomer in porous electrode to maximize the performance of a PEM fuel cell. AIChE Journal, 2017, 63: 4895-4910.
- L. Xing, B. Zhuo, S. Bakalis, J. Castro, Z. Zhang*. Coating of sodium percarbonate particles using water soluble materials in a fluidized bed to achieve delayed release in aqueous environment. Cogent Engineering, 2017, 4: 1372730.
- J. Liu, L. Han, N. An, L. Xing*, H. Ma, L. Cheng*, J. Yang, Q. Zhang*. Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of carbon-doped anatase TiO2 based on the electron-withdrawing bidentate carboxylate linkage. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2017, 202: 642-652.
- Z. Liu, H. Ma, J. Liu, L. Xing*, L. Cheng, J. Yang, B. Mao, Q. Zhang*. A low-cost clay based heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst: activation, efficiency enhancement and mechanism study. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2017, 13: e2156.
- Z. Liu, H. Ma, L. Xing*, J. Liu, Q. Zhang*, L. Cheng, J. Yang. Sulfated Ce doped TiO2 as visible light driven photocatalyst: preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance. Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 2017, 36: 494-504.
- Q. Li, D. Huang, T. Lu, J. P. K. Seville, L. Xing, G. A. Leeke*. Supercritical fluid coating of API on MCC changes drug release profile. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017, 313: 317-327.
- 2016
- L. Xing*, Q. Cai, X. Liu, C. Liu*, K. Scott, Y. Yan. Anode partial flooding modelling of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: optimisation of electrode properties and channel geometries. Chemical Engineering Science, 2016, 146: 88-103.
- L. Xing*, S. Du, R. Chen, M. Mamlouk, K. Scott. Anode partial flooding modelling of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Model development and validation. Energy, 2016, 96: 80-95.
- L. Xing*, Q. Cai, C. Xu, C. Liu*, K. Scott, Y. Yan. Numerical study of the effect of relative humidity and stoichiometric flow ratio on PEM fuel cell performance with various channel lengths: An anode partial flooding modelling. Energy, 2016, 106: 631-645.
- Y. Deng, G. Wang, M. Fei, X. Huang, J. Cheng, X. Liu, L. Xing, K. Scott, C. Xu*. A polybenzimidazole/graphene oxide based three layer membranes for intermediate temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. RSC Advances, 2016, 6: 72224-72229.
- Y. Wang, J. Hu, L. Wang, D. Shan, X. Wang*, Y. Zhang, X. Mao, L. Xing, D. Wang. Acclimated sediment microbial fuel cells from a eutrophic lake for the in situ denitrification process. RSC Advances, 2016, 6: 80079-80085.
- 2015 and before
- L. Xing, P. K. Das, X. Song*, M. Mamlouk, K. Scott. Numerical analysis of the optimum membrane/ionomer water content of PEMFCs: The interaction of Nafion ionomer content and cathode relative humidity. Applied Energy, 2015, 138: 242-257.
- L. Xing*, X. Liu, T. Alaje, R. Kumar, M. Mamlouk, K. Scott. A two-phase flow and non-isothermal agglomerate model for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Energy, 2014, 73: 618-634.
- L. Xing*, M. Mamlouk, R. Kumar, K. Scott. Numerical investigation of the optimal Nafion ionomer content in cathode catalyst layer: An agglomerate two-phase flow modelling. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39: 9087-9104.
- L. Xing*, M. Mamlouk, K. Scott. A two dimensional agglomerate model for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Energy, 2013, 61: 196-210.
- L. Xing, X. Song*, K. Scott, V. Pickert, W. Cao. Multi-variable optimisation of PEMFC cathodes based on surrogate modelling. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38: 14295-14313.
- L. Xing*, K. Scott, Y.P. Sun. Transient Response and Steady-State Analysis of the Anode of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells Based on Dual-Site Kinetics. International Journal of Electrochemistry, 2011, Article ID 853261.
- Y.C. Cao*, C. Xu, X. Wu, X. Wang, L. Xing, K. Scott. A poly (ethylene oxide)/grapheme oxide electrolyte membrane for low temperature polymer fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources, 2011, 196: 8377-8382.
- Y.P. Sun*, L. Xing, K. Scott. Analysis of kinetics of methanol oxidation in a porous Pt-Ru anode. Journal of Power Sources, 2010, 195: 1-10.